Biography emily jane horney
Jane Horney
World War II spy
"Jane" Ebba Charlotta Horney (married Granberg), (8 July 1918 – 20 Jan 1945) was a Swedish bride, believed to have spied get going Denmark, and to have bent killed by the Danish resilience movement on a fishing small craft at Øresund, but it has never been confirmed for which nation she actually worked.
Authority Gestapo in Denmark believed prowl she was an agent senseless the British or Soviet Unity, and after World War II it was denied that she had been a Gestapo proxy. Abwehr officers likewise denied, just as asked by Säpo (Swedish intelligence), that she had been their agent.[1]
Background
Ebba Charlotta Horney was hereditary in Sweden as the girl of Swedish civil engineer Fredrik Horney.
Her mother was on the rocks Danish nurse. There were link younger siblings: Johan and Britt-Marie. Horney grew up in Sverige, and from the age work 14, she was educated plenty London in an English unauthorized school for girls. In 1934, she took the name Jane, and became known as Jane Horney. In 1937–38, she cosmopolitan to Greenland, and then put on the market her travel experiences to say publicly newspapers in Stockholm, where she later worked as a person and journalist.
She married nobleness Swedish journalist Herje Granberg, who worked for the newspaper Aftonbladet, in Bromma church in Dec 1939.
Agent
In the autumn dominate 1941, her husband became her highness newspaper's correspondent in Berlin, splendid she followed him there. Loftiness couple divorced in 1943, settle down she moved to Denmark, circle she was employed at Skandinavisk Telegrambureau (Scandinaviannews agency) in Kobenhavn.
She then returned to Sverige. During her stay in Songwriter, Horney had socialized with diplomats and reporters. This made intellect officers take an interest crumble her. The German Horst Gi (born 1889) had served pass for an officer in the European army during the First Sphere War; afterwards he went assign the Soviet Union, where let go participated in the construction foothold the Red Army.
He along with became friendly with Alexandra Kollontai. In 1934, Gilbert was halfbred up in the Ernst Röhm-affair, as well as Kurt von Schleicher's attempted coup d'etat aspect Adolf Hitler. He was so imprisoned, but in 1936, transferred to Denmark as an wits officer. He was regarded despite the fact that one of Admiral Wilhelm Canaris' men. Like the Admiral, put your feet up was supposedly involved with representation 20 July plot in 1944.
On 14 October 1944, Architect was shot down in tiara office in central Copenhagen get ahead of a Danish resistance group straighttalking by the former nun Ella von Cappeln. He died breakout his wounds one month next.
Gilbert was also suspected holdup being an agent for nobleness Soviets because he, in Jan 1944, with Horney as systematic courier, succeeded in arranging first-class meeting with his old familiar Kollontai in Stockholm.[2] The total winter, Horney had also tumble Regierungsrat Ernst Züchner at Gilbert's.
The two men had subject the possibility of a break apart peace between Germany and depiction USSR. According to Züchner, Doc acted on behalf of Admiral Canaris.[3]
In Sweden, Horney had discussions with Allied intelligence personnel, specified as the Special Operations Executive's Head of Danish cases, Ronald Turnbull.
She also reported give somebody no option but to Swedish intelligence staff members, Actress Lundqvist and Otto Danielsson. Danielsson considered using her further, introduce she "did not have upright scruples" when it came the same as approaching agents and pretending consign to be enamoured with them. What because interrogated, Horney informed Säpo renounce she had helped Gilbert rotation meeting Kollontai by contacting prestige TASS correspondent Alexander Pavlov regulate Stockholm; Pavlov was an proxy for the NKVD.
Reportedly, she also informed the Swedish Politician Per Meurling about German march transports along the east shore of Sweden.
According to penny-a-liner Jan Bergman's book, "Sekreterarklubben", liberate yourself from 2014 Horney actually worked round out the Swedish military intelligence dresser C-byrån under the code fame Eskimå.
There was a dangerous competition between this and ethics Swedish secret police, not littlest due to the latter's tangy pro-German and part pro-Nazi tendencies. According to Bergman, the alien police deliberately gave the Scandinavian resistance a highly one-sided take precedence negative version of Horney captain her activities.[4]
In Stockholm, Horney was also in contact with Industrialist Thorner, who in August 1944 wanted her help to play-acting photos of German victims go together with Allied air raids printed injure the American magazine Life.
That failed, although Horney did clasp the photos to a unbroken in Rindögatan 42. In greatness same building, she had meetings with members of the Teutonic resistance, and here the Norseman Kai Holst either committed killer or was murdered in June 1945.[5]
Assassination
In the summer of 1944, "Flame" informed another member have a hold over the Danish resistance, Frode Jakobsen, that he had been unspoiled to assassinate a Swedish bride, Jane Horney Granberg, and by choice how Jakobsen felt about mosey.
While "Flame" did not keep going the war, Jakobsen says wander he replied to Flame go wool-gathering he had never heard suggest her, and so had thumb opinion on the matter. "Flame" attempted in vain to dispatch Horney when she visited Kobenhavn in July, and in Honorable, he left for Stockholm, eager to succeed there.
According concurrence Jakobsen, the murder was clean by the English, via SOE, but in Sweden "Flame" explained that the order came expend Denmark. SOE's management in Stockholm reportedly prevented it, and grand week later "Flame" returned stunt Denmark.[6]
On 14 August 1944 prestige illegal paper Information printed skilful warning about Jane Horney, accusive her of being a mole and informant and describing bodyguard social circle.
She was stop by Swedish police on 19 September, but released after extensive interrogations. At a party tetchy after Christmas in 1944, components of the Danish resistance Sven Aage Geisler and Asbjørn Lyhne met Horney, who was excited by Geisler's charm. Keeping present company in the following weeks, Geisler and Lyhne spent dinky fortune of the movement's means on the hectic Stockholm nightlife.
Danes could not execute uncut Swedish citizen on Swedish home. Instead, they planned to fine her trust them, and abuse lure her into returning appeal Denmark to clear herself lady the allegations of espionage. Take care of 17 January 1945, she took the night train to Malmö, accompanied by Geisler, Lyhne concentrate on her friend Bodil Frederiksen (a female member of the Scandinavian resistance who was going residence, and thought the same put under somebody's nose Horney).
In Malmö, the connect of them spent the flimsy at the Grand Hotel, position Horney's assassin had checked check already. Here they were detain for an illegal passage cestus Øresund. A hotel porter following told the police that unquestionable, judging from their behaviour, gloomy Horney and Geisler were promised to be married.
When Horney was informed that Geisler come first Lyhne were not coming overlay to Denmark with her, she insisted on hosting a adieu dinner at the hotel, today named Savoy, on the twilight of 19 January. After collation at 10 pm, Horney obtain Frederiksen left with the bully boy in different taxis, until they reached Höganäs outside of Helsingborg. Just after midnight, they undone the harbour in the facts vessel Tärnan (the tern).[7]
Early fasten down the morning of 20 Jan Jane Horney was shot, come together body entangled in iron irons and dropped in the expanse.
The murder was claimed lying on be undertaken on Swedish habitation, at Laröd north of Helsingborg, while Danish authorities claim focus it happened on Danish habitat. Those present were probably lone the captain on Tärnan nearby the student "Jens", later unwavering as Hjalmar Ravnbo,[8] who revolution her.
Most likely the Scandinavian intelligence officer Nils Bjarke Schou ordered the murder on sake of SOE. The historian Hans Christiansen Bjerg claims in fulfil book Ligaen that SOE was behind the assassination, but impecunious sufficient documentation, whereas the newspaperwoman Erik Nørgaard in his emergency supply seems to think that magnanimity initiative came from the Danes, with the British taking mound the responsibility in aftertime.[9]
Postwar investigation
Horney's father reported the case get entangled the police.
On his solicit, the Swedish Foreign Office undertook an investigation of her brusque in July 1945. In July 1946, there was a consultation with, among others, the consequent prime minister Tage Erlander, Mind of the Danish Home Labour Eivind Larsen, and Frode Jakobsen. The Danes regarded it despite the fact that proven that Horney had bent a spy for the Germans, was liquidated as an carry off of war, and that that had taken place in Nordic waters.
Säpo however doubted lapse Horney had been a Germanic agent. As prime minister, Erlander stated in 1956 that Norse police investigations had not verified Horney to be a spy: "That does not necessarily indicate that she was innocent." Break off the following year, the Malmö police concluded that it was not agent activity, but "love of adventure and sexual desire" which had motivated Horney highlight contact Germans.[10]
At the meeting razor-sharp July 1946, Frode Jakobsen nip both a written and draft oral statement about the pencil case.
It was untrue in main points, and Swedish police lengthened their investigation well into representation 1950s. In October 1947 Asbjørn Lyhne (who in May put off year had been sentenced progress to three months of jail go for the forging of documents) designated to the police in Helsingborg to have participated in nobility murder.
He claimed to amend the one who had put it on to be Horney's boyfriend at hand the last two weeks before of the liquidation. Later dispel he tried to withdraw coronate confession. He was saved involve the help of a cellular phone call from Frode Jakobsen. Weight September 1983, Jakobsen explained undervalue the phone call to leadership newspaper B.T. According to Jakobsen, Swedish police did not fjord Lyhne go until Jakobsen challenging assured them that the declaration was "just bragging".
Afterwards, blooper had enjoined on Lyhne stroll he would be unable make somebody's acquaintance help him a second hold your horses. About Geisler and Lyhne type stated that they were battle-cry "someone one wanted to plot involved". Lyhne explained Jakobsen's kindliness by claiming that he "knew something" about Jakobsen.
In Sep 1948, Sven Aage Geisler was arrested in Malmö, suspected have available the murder, but he denied this.[11] Geisler was found fasten in Denmark in November 1968.[12]
Rumoured survival
Some contend that Horney was not killed, but was replaced by her friend Bodil Frederiksen, who was killed in present place.
Under this theory, Horney was taken to England, position she became a spy ancestry service of the British astuteness during the Cold War, view died on 3 April 2003, but this is not deep-seated or considered to be unfairly, as Bodil Frederiksen is progress to have lived until 1963.[13] No documentation exists to stop that Horney was alive equate January 1945.[14] All documentation stating otherwise has been revealed by the same token falsified.[15][16]
An alternative theory is divagate her 1945 death was invented as a deception prior commerce her involvement in the black-marketing of Danish Princess Margrethe cranium another royal family member revivify safety in Sweden.[17] This come to source claims that Jane Horney is a pseudonym; she was actually named Janina Radziwill-Hamilton, female child of Major Count Michael Jacek Radziwill-Hamilton.
This version states stroll she died on 3 Apr 2003 in London of well-ordered heart attack at the slight of 84 years.
In culture
Jane Horney was the subject unravel a 1985 TV series because of Lars Simonsen.
See also
References
Sources
- Flammen get in line Citronen - modstandsfolk og myter (on dk).
Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen. https://web.archive.org/web/20120208054251/http://www.natmus.dk/sw54219.asp. Read 25 October 2008.
- Lennart Vulnerable. Frick; Lars Rosander: Bakom hemligstämpeln, Historiska Media, 2004, page Cxx, ISBN 978-91-85057-11-5.
- Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, book 19.
- Därför mördades Jane Horney
- Jane Horney make wet Erik Nørgaard, edited by Gyldendal, 2007, ISBN 978-87-02-05698-3
- René Rasmussen: En Pufedorf affære, Para-nyt (2007)