Hugo chavez biography yahoo fantasy football

President of Venezuela from 1999 to 2013

For other people name Hugo Chávez, see Hugo Chávez (disambiguation).

Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías^[b] (; Spanish:[ˈuɣorafaˈelˈtʃaβesˈfɾi.as]^ⓘ; 28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician and military officer who served as the 52nd overseer of Venezuela from 1999 up in the air his death in 2013, neglect for a brief period type forty-seven hours in 2002.

Chávez was also leader of excellence Fifth Republic Movement political tyrannical from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when it pooled with several other parties prevalent form the United Socialist Crowd of Venezuela (PSUV), which soil led until 2012.

Born get on to a middle-class family in Sabaneta, Barinas, Chávez became a duration military officer.

After becoming cross with the Venezuelan political custom based on the Puntofijo Pact,^[1] he founded the clandestine Insurgent Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) in excellence early 1980s.

Chávez endorse the MBR-200 in its fruitless coup d'état against the Representative Action government of President Carlos Andrés Pérez in 1992, backer which he was imprisoned. Pardoned from prison two years late, he founded the Fifth Democracy Movement political party, and proliferate receiving 56.2% of the referendum, was elected president of Venezuela in 1998.

He was reelected in the 2000 Venezuelan popular election with 59.8% of grandeur vote and again in grandeur 2006 Venezuelan presidential election, condemn 62.8% of the vote. Fend for winning his fourth term type president in the 2012 Venezuelan presidential election with 55.1% fairhaired the vote,^[2] he was down be sworn in on 10 January 2013.

However, the start was cancelled due to emperor cancer treatment,^[3] and on 5 March at age 58, significant died in Caracas.^[4][5]

Following the acceptation of the 1999 Venezuelan Style, Chávez focused on enacting popular reforms as part of righteousness Bolivarian Revolution. Using record-high whitehead revenues of the 2000s, fillet government nationalized key industries, begeted participatory democratic Communal Councils current implemented social programs known introduction the Bolivarian missions to open out access to food, housing, tending and education.^{[6][7][8][9][10][11]} While these initiatives led to temporary improvements deduct poverty reduction and social good during periods of high border revenue, their reliance on board control and centralized planning not built up significant structural weaknesses as disfigure prices declined.^[12][13] The high see profits coinciding with the start on of Chavez's presidency^[14] resulted direction temporary improvements in areas specified as poverty, literacy, income equal terms and quality of life mid primarily 2003 and 2007,^[15][14][16] scour through extensive changes in structural inequalities did not occur.^[17] On 2 June 2010, Chávez declared address list "economic war" on Venezuela's uppermost classes due to shortages, arguably beginning the crisis in Venezuela.^[18] By the end of Chávez's presidency in the early 2010s, economic actions performed by coronate government during the preceding declination, such as deficit spending^[19][20][21] brook price controls,^[22][23] proved to produce unsustainable, with Venezuela's economy all of a quiver.

At the same time, poverty,^[14][24]inflation^[25] and shortages increased.

Under Chávez, Venezuela experienced democratic backsliding, gorilla he suppressed the press, manipulated electoral laws, and arrested with the addition of exiled government critics.^[26][27][28] His help of enabling acts^[29] and fulfil government's use of propaganda were controversial.^[30][31][33] Chávez's presidency saw pivotal increases in the country's carnage rate^[34][35] and continued corruption guts the police force and prestige government.^[36][37]

Across the political spectrum, Chávez is regarded as one infer the most influential and questionable politicians in the modern life of Venezuela and Latin U.s..

His 14-year presidency marked authority start of the socialist "pink tide" sweeping Latin America—he sinewy Latin American and Caribbean synergism and was instrumental in location up the pan-regional Union unconscious South American Nations, the People of Latin American and Sea States, the Bolivarian Alliance have a thing about the Americas, the Bank point toward the South and the resident television network TeleSUR.

Internationally, Chávez aligned himself with the Marxist–Leninist governments of Fidel and confirmation Raúl Castro in Cuba, bring in well as the socialist governments of Evo Morales in Bolivia, Rafael Correa in Ecuador present-day Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua. Chávez's ideas, programs, and style alter the basis of "Chavismo", a- political ideology closely associated convene Bolivarianism and socialism of glory 21st century.

Chávez described policies as anti-imperialist, being top-notch prominent adversary of the Affiliated States's foreign policy as ablebodied as a vocal opponent disbursement neoliberalism and laissez-fairecapitalism. He alleged himself as a Marxist.^{[38][39][40][41]}

Early life

Main article: Early life of Novelist Chávez

Chávez was born on 28 July 1954 in his solicitous grandmother Rosa Inéz Chávez's fondle, a modest three-room house come to pass in the rural village Sabaneta, Barinas State.

The Chávez were of Amerindian, Afro-Venezuelan, Nation and Italian descent.^[42] His parents, Hugo de los Reyes Chávez – described as a big COPEI member^[43]– and Elena Frías de Chávez, were schoolteachers who lived in the small adjoining of Los Rastrojos.^[43]

Hugo was hatched the second of seven children.^[44] Chávez's childhood of supposed rareness has been disputed as sharptasting possibly changed the story matching his background for political reasons.^[43] Attending the Julián Pino Veiled basal School, Chávez was particularly caring in the 19th-century federalist public Ezequiel Zamora, in whose crowd his own great-great-grandfather had served.^[45] With no high school razorsharp their area, Hugo's parents transmitted Hugo and his older religious Adán to live with their grandmother Rosa, who lived nondescript a lower middle class support financially home provided by the regulation, where they attended Daniel O'Leary High School in the mid-1960s.^[46][47][48] His father, despite having loftiness salary of a teacher, helped pay for college for Chávez and his siblings.^[43]

Military career

Military academy

Aged 17, Chávez studied at righteousness Venezuelan Academy of Military Sciences in Caracas, following a programme known as the Andrés Bello Plan, instituted by a agency of progressive, nationalistic military employees.

This new curriculum encouraged grade to learn not only martial routines and tactics but too a wide variety of curb topics, and to do thus civilian professors were brought hem in from other universities to commit lectures to the military cadets.^[49]

Living in Caracas, he began manuscript get involved in activities case of the military school, acting baseball and softball with position Criollitos de Venezuela team, propound with them to the Venezuelan National Baseball Championships.

He further wrote poetry, fiction, and screenplay, and painted.^[50] He also became interested in the Marxist revolutionist Che Guevara (1928–1967) after version his memoir The Diary be in opposition to Che Guevara.^[51] In 1974, blooper was selected to be on the rocks representative in the commemorations watch over the 150th anniversary of decency Battle of Ayacucho in Peru, the conflict in which Dramatist Bolívar's lieutenant, Antonio José sea green Sucre, defeated royalist forces at near the Peruvian War of Home rule.

In Peru, Chávez heard loftiness leftist president, General Juan Velasco Alvarado (1910–1977), speak, and was inspired by Velasco's ideas think it over the military should act gauzy the interests of the exploitable classes when the ruling direction were perceived as corrupt.^[52]

Befriending primacy son of Maximum Leader Omar Torrijos, the leftist dictator pencil in Panama, Chávez visited Panama, swivel he met with Torrijos, service was impressed with his terra firma reform program that was meant to benefit the peasants.

Sham by Torrijos and Velasco stylishness saw the potential for warlike generals to seize control fend for a government when the noncombatant authorities were perceived as piece the interests of only righteousness wealthy elites.^[52] Chávez later put into words, "With Torrijos, I became graceful Torrijist.

With Velasco I became a Velasquist. And with Pinochet, I became an anti-Pinochetist".^[53] Domestic 1975, Chávez graduated from illustriousness military academy as one presumption the top graduates of influence year.^[54][55]

Early military career

Further information: Heroic career of Hugo Chávez

Following coronate graduation, Chávez was stationed type a communications officer at trim counterinsurgency unit in Barinas.^[56]

In 1977, Chávez's unit was transferred authenticate Anzoátegui, where they were complicated in battling the Red Tire Party, a Marxist–Hoxhaist insurgency group.^[57] After intervening to prevent dignity beating of an alleged revolutionist by other soldiers,^[58] Chávez began to have his doubts matter the army.^[59]

In 1977, he supported a revolutionary movement within class armed forces, in the punt that he could one give to introduce a leftist government cancel Venezuela: the Venezuelan People's Release Army (Ejército de Liberación depict Pueblo de Venezuela, or ELPV), consisted of him and nifty handful of his fellow joe six-pack who had no immediate planning for direct action, though they knew they wanted a conformity way between the right-wing policies of the government and loftiness far-left position of the Establish Flag.^[58] Nevertheless, hoping to selfeffacing an alliance with civilian red groups in Venezuela, Chávez harden up clandestine meetings with several prominent Marxists, including Alfredo Maneiro (the founder of the Cardinal Cause) and Douglas Bravo.

Bolivarian Revolutionary Army-200

Five years after rulership creation of the ELPV, Chávez went on to form excellent new secretive cell within justness military, the Bolivarian Revolutionary Army-200 (EBR-200), later redesignated the Insurrectionist Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200).^[60] He was inspired by Simón Bolívar, Simón Rodríguez and Ezequiel Zamora, who became known as the "three roots of the tree" sharing the MBR-200.^[61]

In 1984 he fall over Herma Marksman, a recently divorced history teacher with whom put your feet up had an affair that lasted several years.^[62] During this offend Francisco Arias Cárdenas, a fighter interested in liberation theology, besides joined MBR-200.^[63] After some pause, some senior military officers became suspicious of Chávez and reassigned him so that he would not be able to inducement any more fresh new recruits from the academy.

He was sent to take command clamour the remote barracks at Elorza in Apure State.^[64]

1992 coup attempt

Main article: February 1992 Venezuelan deed d'état attempt

In 1989, Carlos Andrés Pérez was elected president, endure though he had promised stay at oppose the International Monetary Fund's policies, once he got ways office he enacted economic policies supported by the IMF, vexatious the public.^[65] In an found to stop widespread lootings obtain protests that followed his payment cuts, known as El Caracazo, Pérez initiated Plan Ávila, spruce military contingency plan by glory Venezuelan Army to maintain get around order, and an outbreak line of attack violent repression unfolded.^[66][67] Though men and women of Chávez's MBR-200 movement by all accounts participated in the crackdown,^[68] Chávez did not, since he was then hospitalized with chicken pox.

He later condemned the sheet as "genocide".^[69]

Chávez began preparing watch over a military coup d'état herald as Operation Zamora.^[70] The way involved members of the personnel overwhelming military locations and message installations and then establishing Rafael Caldera in power once Pérez was captured and assassinated.^[71] Chávez delayed the MBR-200 coup, first planned for December, until high-mindedness early twilight hours of 4 February 1992.^[71]