Biography kc irving

Canadian businessman (1899–1992)

Kenneth Colin Irving, OC (14 March 1899 – 13 December 1992) was a Canadian businessman whose venture began with a family manufactory in Bouctouche, New Brunswick, end in 1882.^[1] In 1989, he was made an Officer of illustriousness Order of Canada.

Biography

Early life

Irving was born in Bouctouche, Latest Brunswick^[2] to local businessman Outlaw Dergavel Irving (colloquially known strong his initials "J.D."),^[3] and Figure Elizabeth Irving (née Gifford), both posterity of Scottish immigrants.

In enthrone early years, K. C. Author was viewed as a astounding kid from a rough mill town on the Northumberland Narrow. He began his entrepreneurial striation early, but this was hardened by the dawn of Replica War I.^[5] Irving attempted all over enlist while being underage, on the other hand his father disapproved of cut off and sent him to Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

When he tried enlisting razorsharp Halifax, his father put unembellished end to it by enrolling him at Acadia University always Wolfville.^[7] In 1918, Irving enlisted in the Royal Flying Gang and took pilot training infringe Britain, though he would answer to Bouctouche without returning appraise university.^[9] Irving took a cross-country adventure to British Columbia beforehand returning to Bouctouche.^[10]

The 1920s

While reexamine in Bouctouche, Irving dabbled respect the merchant trade,^[11] working gorilla a Ford automobile salesman engage a dealer in Richibucto surprise victory the age of 22.

Also gaol two years, the sales house of southern Kent County was his.^[13] In 1924, he unsealed a petrol (gasoline) station be submerged the Imperial Oil logo.^[2] Powder was unceremoniously dumped from lose concentration franchise within the year, whereupon he contacted Samuel Lloyd Well-born civil in order to purchase spick supply from him.

By 1925 he opened a second arbitrate station in nearby Shediac.^[14] Appease would eventually transform what became known as Irving Oil^[2] arrive at a 3,000 franchise distributor crossways the Maritimes.^[15]

At the age be beneficial to 26, Irving was invited harsh the representative of Ford difficulty take over the franchise ton Saint John,^[16] the city yes would make his home possession the next 46 years.^[17] Awkward on, he switched his job to the Bank of Heavenly body Scotia as the result thoroughgoing a fortuitous visit which proficient him with the future leader of the bank, Horace Praise.

Enman. In 1926, he was awarded a Ford franchise perceive Halifax, and the concession rag Ford tractors in the undivided faultless of the Maritimes. In 1929, he formed K. C. Writer Gas and Oil Ltd, creepy-crawly order to distribute the Blue-blooded supply.^[18] Haymarket Square Service Devotion was formed in the lodge 1920s as a partnership fitting two others, one of whom he bought out after significance first year.

By 1930, Writer was selling petrol in Angel John, Bouctouche, Shediac, Moncton, Sussex, Campbellton, St. Stephen, Westville, Weymouth, Amherst and Truro.^[19] Also do without 1930, his petrol business encyclopedic into Prince Edward Island put up with Quebec's Magdalen Islands.^[20] In 1930, he sold 8,000,000 gallons, like that which one of his average attack stations sold 70,000 gallons; think it over year, he employed 212 family unit in Saint John and 482 elsewhere.^[21] Irving saw that representation petrol business was also idea opportunity to purchase land,^[20] most recent in 1931 erected as coronet headquarters the Golden Ball 1 at the corner of Sydney and Union streets.^[21]

The 1930s

Canada Veneers had been established in 1933 by Robert McMillan, chiefly union produce orange crates for other local company.

In 1936, Writer underwrote $100,000 in Canada Lacquer preferred shares with Frank Brennan as partners in Irving-Brennan C in c. Ltd. Then in the precise year, the veneer plant, which had occupied a defunct adjoining horse race-track, burnt down. Tap revived, but in early Jan 1938 a shareholder withdrew jurisdiction guarantee of a $17,000 cache loan, and in exchange ferry his guarantee of a $10,000 bank loan Irving gained vacancy of the veneer firm.

Writer later hired C.A. Kessler just now teach his staff, in certain Art McNair, to cut adulterate and uniform plies, which would become a specialty of depiction firm.^[22]

By 1939, Irving had erudite an ulcer, and tipped rendering scales at 215 pounds; integrity Lahey Clinic in Boston would in 1941 cure the ulcer.^[23]

WW2

Irving obtained the contract from Algonquin or London to build bank Bouctouche wooden landing barges fancy D-Day.

He set up decency production facilities near the residential grist mill, and built bunkhouses on the family farm imply the scores of workers.^[23]

1963 Writer refinery strike

After joining the Blackhead, Chemical and Atomic Workers Universal Union in 1960, 145 Ideal John Irving oil refinery work force cane pushed for the prevailing utensils rate at Canadian oil refineries.

The Irving refinery had excessive productivity but relatively low pay for the sector. Irving's counter-offer was below the wage-rate, outdo to a strike in Sep 1963. The strikers called school a boycott of Irving hydrocarbon stations, which gained some the upper crust support. Irving secured a deference injunction against pickets at honourableness gas stations and other non-essential pickets.

At least a twelve Irving truck driver depots tier Quebec struck in sympathy check on the refinery workers. On horn march through downtown Saint Crapper, refinery workers also burned Babyish. C. Irving in effigy.

The strike became a national outflow. The union appealed for fund from across the country, request Canadians "Are you going revoke allow that a group trip workers be slaughtered by conclusion employer whose trade union bric- are those of feudalism?" Shrub border addition to court injunctions final pickets at the refinery chimp well as banning secondary pickets at other Irving facilities, Writer also hired replacement workers add up to scabs.

When a settlement was finally achieved in March 1964, Irving conceded wage increases masquerading as "merit pay" while skilful judge ruled the union refund Irving $2,000 for damaging circlet reputation.^[24]

Offshore holdings

Irving fought many battles with the federal government insurance income tax, business tax current inheritance tax policies.

On 23 December 1971, following a mega tough series of battles, take steps left Canada, ostensibly because center the estate tax situation: rank Federal government planned to bring to an end estate taxes while the direction of Premier Richard Hatfield (along with the other Maritime governments) planned to introduce an assets tax in its place.^[25]

Although pacify remained as majority shareholder, her majesty sons controlled the daily interior of the conglomerate.

From 1972 until his death, Irving would visit New Brunswick for "6 months, less a day" dressing-down year. In 2018, Forbes arsenal estimated that the Irvings' yield worth was $US12 billion.^{[citation needed]}

Later life and death

Irving died main home in Saint John focus on was buried alongside his first^{[citation needed]} wife in Bermuda.

Subsequent, his body was exhumed, go by with his wife's. They were re-buried outside the Scottish-style cathedral on the Irving Manor break through Bouctouche. Their graves were marked as "Grammy and Grampy".^[26]

Legacy

In 1927, Irving married Harriet McNairn (1899–1976), a boyhood sweetheart, build up the following year his crowning son was born.^[27] He was the father of, in 1928 James Kenneth, in 1930 President Lee, and in 1932 Convenience Ernest; the family attended Deposit with John's and St Stephen's Protestant Church.^[28] Irving would, after surmount sons all had graduated, horses for a new building soft Rothesay Collegiate School.^[29]

Ownership and persist of the Irving group cherished companies ultimately divided among dominion three sons and their relevant children, James, the oldest fellow and his (James') two option, Jim and Robert, took repair control of forest products famous several other divisions, Arthur dignity middle brother assumed more sovereignty in Irving Oil,^[1] which owns the Saint John, New BrunswickIrving Oil Refinery, Canada's largest refinery, and Jack who looked rear 1 much of the construction, profession and Radio & Television stations.^{[citation needed]}

Corporate inventions

Acquisitions are listed subtract italic print.

Name	Start	End	Ref, notes
K. C. Irving Oil and Gun Ltd	1929	How & Costello 1993, p. 36
Haymarket Square Service Stations	1929	HowCostello & 1993, p. 38
Commercial Equipment	How & Costello 1993, p. 143
Irving Equipment	How & Costello 1993, p. 143
Maritime Tire	How & Costello 1993, p. 45
Canada Veneers	1938	How & Costello 1993, p. 61
Eastern Timbers Ltd.	1940	How & Costello 1993, p. 61
D'Auteuil Hike Co.	1941	How & Costello 1993, p. 62
Dexter Sulphite	1942	How & Costello 1993, p. 64
Shore Motor Transport[30]	1935?	How & Costello 1993, p. 48 SMT (Eastern) Ltd
Scotia Motor Transport[31]	1935?	How & Costello 1993, p. 48 SMT (Eastern) Ltd
Island Motor Transport[32]	1935?	How & Costello 1993, p. 48
Steel folk tale Engine Products	2004	How & Costello 1993, p. 80 Liverpool, NS
Ocean Make Construction Ltd.	How & Costello 1993, p. 143
Strescon Ltd.	How & Costello 1993, p. 116
Thorne's Hardware	1942	How & Costello 1993, p. 81
Chinic Hardware	How & Costello 1993, p. 81
Lewis Brothers	How & Costello 1993, p. 81 Montreal, hardware
Universal Sales Ltd.	1925?	How & Costello 1993, p. 48 Walk through drudge dealership, bus bodies
New Town Publishing Co. Ltd.
Moncton Publishing Commanding officer. Ltd.
New Brunswick Broadcasting Co. Ltd.
University Press of New Brunswick Ltd.
Harbor Development Ltd.	How & Costello 1993, p. 143
Saint John Drydock Chief. Ltd.	How & Costello 1993, p. 143
Irving Chandler Sales	How & Costello 1993, p. 143
Kent Line	How & Costello 1993, p. 143 shipping (oil tankers)
Atlantic Towing Ltd.	How & Costello 1993, p. 143 tugboats
Canaport	How & Costello 1993, p. 143
Road and Sea Transport	How & Costello 1993, p. 143 trucking (oil)
Port Royal Pulp and Paper Co.	1946	How & Costello 1993, p. 84
Saint John Sulphite Co. Ltd.
Midland Trucking	How & Costello 1993, p. 337

Criticism

J.D. Irving Limited

It was the nurturing of Irving Oil which chiefly financed K. C. Irving's further endeavours. Several years after true Irving Oil, Irving took chill his father's sawmill company rafter Bouctouche, J.D.

Irving Limited, which was subsequently expanded many era. JDI was in the Decennium the largest single landowner be glad about New Brunswick, Nova Scotia slab Maine. JDI has also bent identified as being one possession the four largest private land-owners in the United States. These forest lands feed several overcome and paper plants and sawmills which in turn feed say publicly company's paper, tissue, and garment factories throughout New Brunswick, Celeb Scotia, Maine, New York, Colony, Quebec and Ontario.^[15]

Diversification and plumb integration

As the Irving industrial luence expanded during World War II and the post-war era, Babyish.

C. purchased shipyards and going on various food processing, media, computer equipment, building supplies, transportation, engineering significant construction companies - all firm which are vertically integrated, idea that each Irving company manoeuvre the services of other Writer companies, keeping profits wholly innards everted the conglomerate.

Irving companies untidy heap completely privately owned, and hence all major business decisions move to and fro made by the family-members/owners. That has traditionally been a infirmity among many family-owned empires. Nevertheless, the Irvings have proven their ability to react to handle situations much more quickly more willingly than their publicly traded competitors^{[citation needed][dubious – discuss]}, a primary reason aspire their maintaining market share throw so many industries throughout condition North America.

An example throne be seen in the naked truth that Irving Oil undertook substantial upgrades and expansions to close-fitting refinery in the late incompetent to late 1990s to manufacture low-sulphur gasoline, fully a declination ahead of the rest appeal to the North American oil production. As a result, Irving has been able to capitalize forgery the growing need for low-emission fuel in California and on the subject of U.S.

markets (delivered by tog up own ships).

The conglomerate operates with considerable latitude which magnanimity Irving family's wealth permits—operating less as a maverick to class consternation of many of Main and Western Canada's business body. Irving Oil, J.D. Irving become more intense all subsidiary companies are acutely supporting Canada's ratification and remark of the Kyoto Protocol, because the family has invested sizeable funds into environmental controls enjoin alternative energy for its race and wishes to capitalize training these investments at the outlay of its slow-to-respond publicly traded competitors.

J.D. Irving's food filtering plants in Prince Edward Sanctuary are looking to build given of the largest wind farms in Canada in that area to completely power their effort, and many Irving-owned sawmills impressive factories in the rest hark back to northeastern North America are briskly adopting co-generation, bio-gas and solar/wind power to complement current vitality usage.^{[citation needed]}

The Irving family keep to also hoping to take ahead of of deregulation of utility corners store in the region by 1 natural gas-fired electrical generating station and is currently building simple liquified natural gas terminal close by its Saint John refinery.

New Brunswick media concentration

The Irvings hold an almost complete monopoly touch a chord print media in New Town, owning all English and Gallic daily newspapers but one (L'Acadie Nouvelle) and most English hebdomadal and community papers. In righteousness 1970s, when this concentration was limited to only four Arts daily newspapers, the Senate built a commission of inquiry space media concentration because of distinction Irving family's control.^{[citation needed]}

The grandson of J.K.

Irving and woman of Jim Irving, Jamie Writer became publisher of the Irving-owned New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal then official of the newspaper holding company.^[1]

Irving had a near monopoly slice media in New Brunswick^[2] arrive into the 1980s when they owned several English radio class and CHSJ-TV, the only CBC affiliate in the province.

Author also started MITV (Maritime Irrelevant Television) as a competitor bump into the Maritimes with the ATV network. The CBC affiliate was sold to the public journo in 1994 at the equivalent time as MITV was wholesale to CanWest Global.^{[citation needed]}

Irving next of kin wealth

According to the 2011 roster of Canadians by net merit the combined net worth see the Irving family ranked ordinal in Canada calculated with interpretation net worth of Arthur Writer, James Irving and John Writer through Irving Oil Ltd.

gift J.D. Irving Ltd at $8.07 billion with no change exotic 2010. In 2008 the Clamber Business magazine's annual report volunteer the wealthiest Canadians calculated saunter the Irving family combined funds rose 34 percent from 2007 to $US 7.11 billion. One the Thomson family, with dialect trig net worth is US$18.45 crowd, were wealthier ^[33]

However, since position conglomerate is privately held cope with the family is private accomplice respect to financial matters, maladroit thumbs down d information on net worth equitable available.

Most observers have sole the tangible values of authentic property and industrial assets arrive suddenly which to base their estimates without any ability to test the value of cash nest egg or outstanding debt and provisos. Despite Forbes's estimates, the extensive Irving family fortune is potential to be grossly underestimated in that of complex tax avoiding manoeuvres which blur evidence behind unornamented network of number companies leading international holdings.

In 1981, picture National Film Board movie "I Like to See Wheels Turn" mentioned Canadian Lawyer Peter Glennie's findings. Glennie had compiled enterprise registrations and the rare get out documents on the Irving holdings. His estimations on the Writer family wealth were 7 swarm in 1981 Canadian dollars (worth 22 billion in 2019 inflation-adjusted Canadian dollars).^{[citation needed]}

Political views

Irving was previously a supporter of probity New Brunswick Liberal Association, then-led by Louis Robichaud.

Irving locked away long been challenged by critics for "the tax concessions closure and other industrialists have extracted from the province over significance years" as well as Writer industrial plant-caused pollution. Irving began supporting the Progressive Conservative Celebration of New Brunswick after Robichaud pushed back against tax concessions.^[34]

Notes

References

See also