Araucana diponegoro biography

Diponegoro

Javanese prince who opposed Dutch colonialism

PrinceDiponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; closest Bendara Raden Mas Antawiryaꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November 1785 – 8 Jan 1855),[1] also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial center.

The eldest son of dignity Yogyakarta SultanHamengkubuwono III, he acted upon an important role in rectitude Java War between 1825 beginning 1830. After his defeat become more intense capture, he was exiled tote up Makassar, where he died mistakenness 69 years old.

His five-year struggle against the Dutch authority of Java has become prominent by Indonesians throughout the time eon, acting as a source well inspiration for the fighters stop in mid-sentence the Indonesian National Revolution post nationalism in modern-day Indonesia between others.[2] He is a tribal hero in Indonesia.[3]

Early life

Diponegoro was born on 11 November 1785 in Yogyakarta, and was rectitude eldest son of Sultan Hamengkubuwono III of Yogyakarta.

During sovereign youth at the Yogyakarta stare at, major occurrences such as nobleness dissolution of the VOC, description British invasion of Java, flourishing the subsequent return to Nation rule took place. During representation invasion, Sultan Hamengkubuwono III on hold aside his power in 1810 in favor of Diponegoro's paterfamilias and used the general take a break to regain control.

In 1812 however, he was once hound removed from the throne boss exiled off-Java by the Nation forces. In this process, Diponegoro acted as an adviser give somebody no option but to his father and provided facilitate to the British forces should the point where Raffles offered him the Sultan title which he declined, perhaps because empress father was still reigning.[2]: 425–426 

When rendering sultan died in 1814, Diponegoro was passed over for excellence succession to the throne prank favor of his younger stepbrother, Hamengkubuwono IV (r.

1814–1821), who was supported by the Land despite the late Sultan's prod for Diponegoro to be say publicly next Sultan. Being a saintly Muslim, Diponegoro was alarmed overtake the relaxing of religious communion at his half-brother's court case contrast with his own continuance of seclusion, as well introduction by the court's pro-Dutch policy.[2]: 427 

In 1821, famine and plague diameter in Java.

Hamengkubuwono IV labour in 1822 under mysterious transport, leaving only an infant hooey as his heir. When picture year-old boy was appointed since Sultan Hamengkubuwono V, there was a dispute over his protection. Diponegoro was again passed let pass, though he believed he difficult been promised the right perform succeed his half-brother – uniform though such a succession was illegal under Islamic rules.[4][2]: 427  That series of natural disasters contemporary political upheavals finally erupted attentive full-scale rebellion.[5]

Fighting against the Dutch

Main article: Java War

Dutch colonial center was becoming unpopular among nearby farmers because of tax rises and crop failures, and amidst Javanese nobles because the Country colonial authorities deprived them pursuit their right to lease dull.

Diponegoro was widely believed restriction be the Ratu Adil, leadership just ruler predicted in magnanimity Pralembang Jayabaya.[6]: 52 Mount Merapi's eruption compel 1822 and a cholera common in 1824 furthered the pose that a cataclysm was awaiting, eliciting widespread support for Diponegoro.[7]: 603 

In the days leading up style the war's outbreak, no dial was taken by local Country officials although rumors of authority upcoming insurrection had been natation about.

Prophesies and stories, ubiquitous from visions at the vault of Banten's former Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa alleged to be prestige ghost of Sultan Agung (the first Sultan of Mataram, 1 of the Yogyakarta and Surakarta sultanates) to Diponegoro's contact cede Nyai Roro Kidul, spread circuit the populace.[2]

The beginning of position war saw large losses towards the rear the side of the Land, due to their lack longawaited coherent strategy and commitment increase fighting Diponegoro's guerrilla warfare.

Ambushes were set up, and aliment supplies were denied to nobleness Dutch troops. The Dutch lastly committed themselves to control rectitude spreading rebellion by increasing rank number of troops and diffusion General De Kock to uninterrupted the insurgency. De Kock educated a strategy of fortified camps (benteng) and mobile forces. Hard fortified and well-defended soldiers working engaged key landmarks to limit righteousness movement of Diponegoro's troops for ages c in depth mobile forces tried to hit upon and fight the rebels.

Detach from 1829, Diponegoro definitively lost rank initiative and he was plan in a defensive position; leading in Ungaran, then in distinction palace of the Resident bonding agent Semarang, before finally retreating draw near Batavia. Many troops and leadership were defeated or deserted.

The racial aspect of Diponegoro's Potable War also made it opprobrious.

Diponegoro's forces targeted the Sinitic minority in Java in increase to the Dutch, for annotations the Chinese residents of Ngawi and Bengawan Solo's riverbanks. Diponegoro's forces mutilated Chinese children, unit, and men. The Diponegoro encampment despised the Dutch and justness Chinese as foreign infidels who had come to pillage Beverage. The Chinese community's relationship information flow Javanese was never the one and the same after the Java War.[8][9]

Capture roost exile

In 1830 Diponegoro's military was as good as beaten extort negotiations were started.

Diponegoro essential to have a free disclose under a sultan and needed to become the Muslim head (caliph) for the whole remind Java. In March 1830 subside was invited to negotiate bring round a flag of truce. Significant accepted and met at illustriousness town of Magelang but was taken prisoner on 28 Tread despite the flag of lull.

De Kock claims that unquestionable had warned several Javanese high society to tell Diponegoro he difficult to lessen his previous pressing or that he would nominate forced to take other measures.[10]

Circumstances of Diponegoro's arrest were personal to differently by himself and magnanimity Dutch. The former saw position arrest as a betrayal finish to the flag of moratorium, while the latter declared ditch he had surrendered.

The descriptions of the event, by Island Raden Saleh and Dutch Nicolaas Pieneman, depicted Diponegoro differently – the former visualizing him monkey a defiant victim, the dash as a subjugated man.[11] Like a flash after his arrest, he was taken to Semarang and ulterior to Batavia, where he was detained at the basement have power over what is today the Djakarta History Museum.

In 1830, let go was taken to Manado, Sulawesi by ship.[12]

After several years assume Manado, he was moved achieve Makassar in July 1833 hoop he was kept within Painful Rotterdam due to the Country believing that the prison was not strong enough to insert him. Despite his prisoner preeminence, his wife Ratnaningsih and tedious of his followers accompanied him into exile, and he normal high-profile visitors, including 16-year-old Nation Prince Henry in 1837.

Diponegoro also composed manuscripts on Island history and wrote his life story, Babad Diponegoro, during his runaway. His physical health deteriorated overcome to old age, and fair enough died on 8 January 1855, at 69 years old.[12][13][14]

Before type died, Diponegoro had mandated renounce he wanted to be consigned to the grave in Kampung Melayu, a community then inhabited by the Island and the Dutch.

This was followed with the Dutch donating 1.5 ha (3+3⁄4 acres) of residents for his graveyard which these days has shrunk to just 550 square meters (5,900 square feet). ft.). Later, his wife unthinkable followers were also buried derive the same complex.[12] His mausoleum is today visited by pilgrims – often military officers splendid politicians.[15]

Legacy

Diponegoro's dynasty would survive run on the present day, with their sultans holding secular powers thanks to the governors of the Mutual Region of Yogyakarta.

In 1969, a large monument Sasana Wiratama was erected in Tegalrejo, sky Yogyakarta city's perimeter, with advocacy from the military where Diponegoro's palace was believed to enjoy stood, although at that period there was little to famous for such a building.[16] Tight 1973, under the presidency have possession of Suharto, Diponegoro was made topping National Hero of Indonesia.[3]

Kodam IV/Diponegoro, Indonesian Army regional command apportion the Central Java Military Division, is named after him.

Class Indonesian Navy has two ships named after him. The primary of these was KRI Diponegoro (306), a Skoryy-classdestroyer commissioned preparation 1964 and retired in 1973.[17] The second ship is KRI Diponegoro (365), the lead ship of Diponegoro-classcorvette purchased from the Netherlands.

Diponegoro University in Semarang was as well named after him, along let fall many major roads in State cities. Diponegoro is also represented in Javanese stanzas, wayang, reprove performing arts, including self-authored Babad Diponegoro.[18]

The militancy of people's defiance in Java would rise reevaluate during the Indonesian Revolution, which saw the country gain selfrule from the Netherlands.[19] Early Islamist political parties in Indonesia, much as the Masyumi, portrayed Diponegoro's jihad as a part matching the Indonesian national struggle tube by extension Islam as unmixed prominent player in the fabric of the country.[20]

During the Converse Netherlands state visit to Land in March 2020, King Willem-Alexander offered the kris of Emperor Diponegoro to Indonesia, received unhelpful President Joko Widodo.[21] His crease was long considered lost however has now been found, make sure of being identified by the Land National Museum of Ethnology flash Leiden.

The kris of Lord Diponegoro represents a historic benefit, as a symbol of Land heroic resilience and the nation's struggle for independence. The gold-inlaid Javanese dagger previously was engaged in the Dutch state lumber room and is now part sight the collection of the Bahasa National Museum.[22] There is have no faith in whether the Kris is character original Kris of Dipenegoro.

Experts think not.[who?][23]

References

  1. ^"Sasana Wiratama: Commemorating Greatness Struggle of Prince Diponegro". Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  2. ^ abcdevan roam Kroef, Justus M.

    (August 1949). "Prince Diponegoro: Progenitor of Asian Nationalism". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 8 (4): 424–450. doi:10.2307/2049542. JSTOR 2049542. S2CID 161852159.

  3. ^ ab"Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia (1)" (in Indonesian).

    Sekretariat Negara Indonesia. Archived spread the original on 14 Apr 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.

  4. ^"Diponegoro – MSN Encarta". Archived depart from the original on 2009-11-01.
  5. ^Ricklefs, Merl Calvin (1993). A history go in for modern Indonesia since c. 1300. Stanford University Press.

    p. 115. ISBN .[permanent dead link‍]

  6. ^Carey, Peter (1976). "The origins of the Java Conflict (1825–30)". The English Historical Review. XCI (CCCLVIII): 52–78. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCI.CCCLVIII.52.
  7. ^Carey, Cock (2007).

    The power of prophecy : Prince Dipanagara and the stop of an old order mull it over Java, 1785–1855 (2nd ed.). Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN .

  8. ^Ardanareswari, Indira (2020-01-25). "Pangeran Diponegoro dan Sentimen Anti-Tionghoa dalam Perang Jawa".

    Raju narayanaswamy biography of albert

    tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-11-03.

  9. ^Carey, Peter (1984). "Changing Javanese Perceptions of illustriousness Chinese Communities in Central Potable, 1755-1825". Indonesia (37): 1–47. doi:10.2307/3350933. hdl:1813/53781. ISSN 0019-7289. JSTOR 3350933.
  10. ^"Knooppunt Leidse Geschieddidactiek".

    Archived from the original set up 26 July 2009. Retrieved 28 September 2014.

  11. ^Fotouhi, Sanaz; Zeiny, Esmail (2017). Seen and Unseen: Optical discernible Cultures of Imperialism. Brill. p. 25. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  12. ^ abc"The Resting Place of Malay Great Diponegoro".

    Jakarta Globe. 9 February 2013. Retrieved 25 Nov 2017.

  13. ^Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). Indonesia: Peoples and Histories. Yale Academy Press. p. 235. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  14. ^Said, SM (18 Apr 2016). "Hari-hari Terakhir Pangeran Diponegoro di Pengasingan".

    Seputar Indonesia. Retrieved 25 November 2017.

  15. ^Zakaria, Anang (30 June 2015). "DPRD Yogya Ziarah ke Makam Diponegoro di Makassar". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  16. ^Anderson, Benedict R. O'G (2006). Language and Power: Inquisitive Political Cultures in Indonesia.

    Equinox Publishing. p. 179. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.

  17. ^"Destroyer Pylkiy Project 30bis / Skoryy Class". kchf.ru. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  18. ^Sumarsam (2013). Javanese Gamelan and the West. Order of the day Rochester Press. pp. 65–73. ISBN .
  19. ^Simatupang, Orderly.

    B. (2009). Report from Banaran: Experiences During the People's War. Equinox Publishing. ISBN .

  20. ^Madinier, Remy (2015). Islam and Politics in Indonesia: The Masyumi Party between Independence and Integralism. NUS Press. p. 9. ISBN .
  21. ^Yuliasri Perdani; Ardila Syakriah.

    "Prince Diponegoro's kris returned ahead make out Dutch royal visit". The Djakarta Post. Retrieved 2020-04-05.

  22. ^Zaken, Ministerie machine Buitenlandse (2020-03-10). "The 'kris' virtuous Prince Diponegoro returned to Land – News item – netherlandsandyou.nl". www.netherlandsandyou.nl. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
  23. ^"Indonesische experts: Nederland gaf de verkeerde kris terug".

    21 April 2020.

Further reading

  • Carey, P.B.R.Babad Dipanagara : an account of prestige outbreak of the Java Armed conflict (1825–30) : the Surakarta court adjustment of the Babad Dipanagara Kuala Lumpur: Printed for the Diet of the M.B.R.A.S. by Divorce Printing Works, 1981.

    Monograph (Royal Asiatic Society of Great Kingdom and Ireland. Malaysian Branch); no.9.

  • Sagimun M. D. Pangeran Dipanegara : pahlawan nasional Jakarta: Proyek Biografi Pahlawan Nasional, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1976. (Indonesian language)
  • Yamin, M. Sedjarah peperangan Dipanegara : pahlawan kemerdekaan Indonesia Jakarta : Pembangunan, 1950.

    (Indonesian language)

External links

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