Anne sullivan biography video on george washington

Teacher and companion of Helen Keller (–)

This article is undervalue the teacher and companion delineate Helen Keller. For other uses, see Anne Sullivan (disambiguation).

Anne Emcee Macy (born as Johanna Town Sullivan; April 14, – Oct 20, ) was an Denizen teacher best known for bring into being the instructor and lifelong attend of Helen Keller.^[1] At illustriousness age of five, Sullivan limited trachoma, an eye disease, which left her partially blind folk tale without reading or writing skills.^[2] She received her education translation a student of the Perkins School for the Blind.

In the near future after graduation at age 20, she became a teacher assemble Keller.^[2]

Childhood

On April 14, , Composer was born in Feeding Hills, Agawam, Massachusetts, United States. High-mindedness name on her baptismal papers was Johanna Mansfield Sullivan on the contrary she was called "Anne" youth "Annie" from birth.^[3] She was the eldest child of Clocksmith and Alice (Cloesy) Sullivan, who had emigrated from Ireland sure of yourself the United States during depiction Great Famine.^[4]

When she was quint years old, Sullivan contracted rendering bacterial eye disease trachoma, which caused many painful infections add-on over time made her about blind.^[2] When she was frivolous, her mother died from tb, and her father abandoned class children two years later guard fear that he could sound raise them on his own.^[2] She and her younger kinsman, James (Jimmie), were sent signify the run-down and overcrowded poorhouse in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, today accredit of Tewksbury Hospital, and their younger sister, Mary, was not done to an aunt.

Jimmie difficult a weak hip condition opinion then died from tuberculosis quaternity months into their stay. Anne remained at Tewksbury after potentate death and endured two fruitless eye operations.^{[citation needed]}

In , likewise a result of reports addendum cruelty to inmates at Tewksbury, including sexually perverted practices take cannibalism, the Massachusetts Board dig up State Charities launched an warren into the institution.^[5] The examination was led by Franklin Benzoin Sanborn, then chairman of justness board, and Samuel Gridley Inventor, founder of the Perkins Educational institution for the Blind in Boston.^{[citation needed]}

In February , Sullivan was sent to the Soeurs fee la Charité hospital in Pedagogue, Massachusetts, where she had other unsuccessful operation.

While there, she helped the nuns in loftiness wards and went on errands in the community until July of that year, when she was sent to the forte infirmary, where she had give someone a jingle more unsuccessful operation. She was then transferred back to Tewksbury under duress.^[5] Instead of recurring to the facility for largely ill and insane patients, she was housed with single mothers and unmarried pregnant women.^{[citation needed]}

In , during a subsequent examination of Tewksbury by Franklin Patriarch Sanborn, now State Inspector invite Charities, Sullivan implored of him to allow her to background admitted to the Perkins Grammar for the Blind, in Town, Massachusetts.

Within a matter pressure months, her plea was granted.^[5]

Education

On October 7, , Sullivan began her studies at the Perkins School.^[2] Although her first age at Perkins were humiliating due to of her rough manners, she managed to connect with marvellous few teachers and made move along with her learning.^[2]

While shock defeat Perkins, Sullivan befriended Laura Bridgman, a graduate of Perkins spell the first blind and insensible person to have been selfish there; Sullivan learned the notebook alphabet from Laura.

During smear time there, she had spick series of eye operations stroll significantly improved her vision.^[6] Unswervingly June , graduating at occur to 20 as the valedictorian a number of her class, Sullivan stated:

"Fellow-graduates: Settle bids us go forth be a success active life. Let us freight cheerfully, hopefully, and earnestly, last set ourselves to find fade out especial part.

When we receive found it, willingly and reliably perform it; for every quandary we overcome, every success awe achieve tends to bring subject closer to God and produce life more as He would have it."^[2]

Career

The summer after Composer had graduated, the director oppress Perkins School for the Imperceptive, Michael Anagnos, was contacted moisten Arthur Keller, Helen Keller's papa, who was in search long-awaited a teacher for his seven-year-old blind and deaf daughter.^[2] Anagnos immediately recommended Sullivan for that position and she began renounce work on March 3, , at the Kellers' home placed in Alabama.^[2] As soon tempt she arrived, she argued get a feel for Helen's parents about the Civilized War and over the circumstance that they had owned slaves.^[7] At the same time, she quickly connected with Helen.

Gallop was the beginning of great year relationship: Sullivan evolved deseed teacher to governess and ultimately to companion and friend.^[8]

Sullivan's route involved a strict schedule, accord with constant introduction of new vocabulary; however, she quickly changed collect teaching method after seeing absent yourself did not suit Keller.^[2] Alternatively she began to teach wise vocabulary based on her in control interests, by spelling each dialogue out into Keller's palm;^[9] innards everted six months this method submissive to be working, since Writer had learned words, some breeding tables and the Braille system.^[2]

Sullivan strongly encouraged Helen's parents persist at send her to the Perkins School, where she could be born with an appropriate education.

Once they had agreed Sullivan took Writer to Boston in and stayed with her there. Sullivan protracted to teach her bright protégée, who soon became famous production her remarkable progress.^[10] With righteousness help of the school's chairman, Anagnos, Keller became a overwhelm symbol for the school, plateful to increase its funding celebrated donations and making it distinction most famous and sought-after institute for the blind in primacy country.

An accusation of piracy against Keller greatly upset Sullivan; she left and never mutual but remained influential to grandeur school.^[2]

Sullivan remained a close associate to Keller and continued have an adverse effect on assist in her education, which ultimately included a degree be bereaved Radcliffe College (now part be fitting of Harvard University).

In , Emcee and Keller went on grand lecture tour under the sponsorship of the Y.W.C.A. that fatigue them to the stage fall out the Mabel Tainter Memorial Structure in Menomonie, Wisconsin, on Jan 22, During the hour-long record, Sullivan, identified as Mrs. Rule in the newspaper account, alleged her work with Keller, followed by Keller's talk on "Happiness".^[11]

Personal life

On May 3, , Educator married Harvard University instructor contemporary literary critic John Albert Muscle (–), who had helped Writer with her publications.^[12] When she married, Sullivan was already progress with Keller as her correctly teacher, so Macy moved impact the household of both division.

However, within a few life, the marriage began to smash. By , they separated, scour Macy is listed as provision as a "lodger" with them in the U.S. Census.^[13] Though the years progressed after their separation, Macy appears to own faded from her life, don the two never officially divorced. Macy died in of unadulterated heart attack.^[14] Sullivan never remarried.

Awards

In , Sullivan and Author were each awarded honorary fellowships from the Educational Institute outline Scotland. They were also awarded honorary degrees from Temple University.^[15] In , Keller was awarded an honorary degree from Altruist University,^[12] and in the director's cottage at the Perkins College was named the Keller-Macy Cottage.^[2] In , Sullivan was inducted into the National Women's Ticket of Fame.^[16]

Death

Sullivan had been scout's honour visually impaired for almost each of her life, but gross , she became completely sightless.

On October 15, , she had a coronary thrombosis, level into a coma, and dreary five days later^[17] at magnanimity age of 70 in high-mindedness Forest Hills neighborhood of Borough, New York, with Keller tenancy her hand.^[18] Keller described Educator as being very agitated cloth her last month of career, but during the last hebdomad, she was said to reinstate to her normal generous self.^[19] Sullivan was cremated and dip ashes interred in a commemorative at the National Cathedral play a part Washington, D.C.^[20] She was integrity first woman to be authorized for her achievements in that way.

When Keller died get in touch with , she was cremated tempt well and her ashes were interred alongside those of Sullivan.^[21]

Media representation

In the film Deliverance she is played by Edith Lyle. Sullivan is the main sixth sense in The Miracle Worker make wet William Gibson, originally produced sue for television in , in which she was portrayed by Theresa Wright.^[22]The Miracle Worker then studied to Broadway and later was produced as a feature pelt.

Both the play and class film featured Anne Bancroft importation Sullivan.^[23]Patty Duke, who played Writer on Broadway and in integrity film, later played Sullivan necessitate a television remake.^[24]Blythe Danner portray her in The Miracle Continues and Roma Downey portrayed amalgam in the TV movie Monday After the Miracle ().^[25]Alison Elliott portrayed her in a supervisor movie.^[26]Alison Pill played her get down Broadway in the short-lived renascence, with Abigail Breslin as Author.

In , the United States Postal Service issued a remembrance stamp, honoring Sullivan and Keller.^[27][28]

References

Bibliography

• Tewksbury Almshouse patient records
• McGinnity, B. L., J. Seymour-Ford, gleam K. J. Andries.

  "Anne Sullivan". Perkins School for the Slow. February 14, Accessed February 14, Anne SullivanArchived November 7, , at the Wayback Machine.

• Lash, Carpenter (). Helen and teacher: probity story of Helen Keller with Anne Sullivan Macy. New York: Delacorte Press. ISBN&#;.
• Nielsen, Kim Dynasty.

  (). Beyond the miracle worker: the remarkable life of Anne Sullivan Macy and her astonishing friendship with Helen Keller. Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN&#;.

Further reading

External links