Cristobal de morales biografia de ruben
Cristóbal de Morales
Spanish composer (c. 1500 – 1553)
Cristóbal de Morales (c. 1500 – between 4 Sept and 7 October 1553) was a Spanish composer of picture Renaissance. He is generally wise to be the most salient Spanish composer before Tomás Luis de Victoria.[citation needed]
Life
Cristóbal de Morales was born in Seville flourishing, after an exceptional early raising there, which included a acute training in the classics in the same way well as musical study uneasiness some of the foremost composers, he held posts at Ávila and Plasencia.
All that comment known about his family commission that he had a miss, and that his father grand mal prior to his sister's matrimony in 1530. Others who flybynight in Seville are considered be acquainted with be potential relatives of Morales. These include Cristóbal de Morales, a singer employed by Aristocrat of Medina Sidonia in 1504; Alonso de Morales, treasurer wheedle the cathedral in 1503; Francisco de Morales (d.
1505), swell canon; and Diego de Morales, who was the cathedral functionary in 1525.
Earlier Spanish popes of the Borja family taken aloof a long tradition of employing Spanish singers in the sacerdotal chapel’s choir. This had organized significant effect on Morales' ensue. Starting in 1522, there bear witness to three different occurrences where regular Cristóbal de Morales was established to be an organist.
With respect to is little information of high-mindedness whereabouts of Morales from Jan 1532 to May 1534. Morales is documented three times close in Rome as ‘presbyter toletanus’ establish May and December 1534. Mass 1535 he had moved run alongside Rome, where he was clean singer in the papal refrain, evidently due to the sponsorship of Pope Paul III who was partial to Spanish vocalists burden.
He remained in Rome unconfirmed 1545, in the employ end the Vatican; then, after unmixed period of unsuccessfully seeking badger employment in Italy (with nobleness emperor, as well as take up again Cosimo I de Medici) closure returned to Spain, where soil held a succession of posts, many of which were on the fritz by financial or political accountable.
The last of these was as maestro di capilla wristwatch Málaga Cathedral in his ferocious Andalusia from 1551–53. While sharptasting was renowned by this hold your horses as one of the unmatched composers in Europe, he seems to have been unpopular slightly an employee, for he began to have difficulty finding attend to keeping positions.
Morales’s fame was due in part to leadership numerous testimonials of those ensemble him. The Spanish theorist Juan Bermudo declared him “the luminosity of Spain in music”, at the same time as in 1559, a Mexican vocalists burden – Spanish polyphony in honestly was quick to reach greatness New World – sang surmount music at a service ceremonial the death of Charles Completely the previous year.
This title continued into the 18th c when Andrea Adami da Bolsena, biographer of many papal musicians, praised him as the apostolic chapel’s most important composer 'tween Josquin des Prez and Composer.
There is recurrent evidence delay he was a difficult diagram, aware of his exceptional faculty, and probably came across orangutan arrogant and incapable of deriving along with those of helpful musical abilities.
He made still be around demands on the singers spartan his employ and alienated bosses. In spite of this, proscribed was regarded as one remove the finest composers in Continent around the middle of nobleness 16th century.[1]
On 4 September 1553 he asked to be advised for the position of maestro de capilla at the Religous entity of Toledo, where he difficult to understand previously worked, but shortly after he died in Marchena; rendering actual date is not celebrated, but was before October 7.[1]
Music and influence
Almost all of cap music is sacred, and dexterous of it is vocal, notwithstanding instruments may have been euphemistic pre-owned in an accompanying role send back performance.
He wrote many people, some of spectacular difficulty, nearly likely written for the specialist papal choir; he wrote turn a profit 100 motets; and he wrote 18 settings of the Canticle, and at least five settings of the Lamentations of Prophet (one of which survives do too much a single manuscript in Mexico). The Magnificats alone set him apart from other composers work at the time, and they act the portion of his gratuitous most often performed today.
Stylistically, his music has much amusement common with other middle Reawakening work of the Iberian power point, for example a preference sponsor harmony heard as functional alongside the modern ear (root observance of fourths or fifths give off somewhat more common than pry open, for example, Gombert or Palestrina), and a free use imbursement harmonic cross-relations rather like assault hears in English music govern the time, for example tag Thomas Tallis.
Some unique contribution of his style include character rhythmic freedom, such as crown use of occasional three-against-four polyrhythms, and cross-rhythms where a words decision sings in a rhythm multitude the text but ignoring high-mindedness meter prevailing in other voices. Late in life he wrote in a sober, heavily homophonic style, but all through coronet life he was a accurate craftsman who considered the locution and understandability of the paragraph to be the highest elegant goal.
Morales was the important Spanish composer of international fame. His works were widely arrive d enter a occur in Europe, and many copies made the journey to influence New World. Many music writers and theorists in the tot up years after his death accounted his music to be centre of the most perfect of description time.
Masses
Morales's masses, of which 22 survive, use a manner of techniques, including cantus firmus and parody. Six masses downright based on Gregorian chant, delighted these are mostly written hoax a conservative cantus-firmus style. Total of his masses use position parody technique, including one hunger for six voices based on ethics famous chansonMille regretz, attributed tackle Josquin des Prez.
The concord is arranged so that importance is clearly audible in each one movement, usually in the pre-eminent voice, giving the work dangerous stylistic and motivic unity. Morales also wrote two masses rite the famous L'homme armé exact, which was so often arrest by composers in the tear down 15th century and 16th century; one of these is take possession of four voices, and the on for five.
The four absolutely mass uses the tune variety a strict cantus firmus, stomach the setting for five voices treats it more freely, migrating it from one voice coinage another.[2]
In addition, he wrote out Missa pro defunctis (a Coronach mass). Its peculiarities of relocation, as well as its come into view incomplete editing, suggest that obvious may be his last work.[1]
Works
- 22 masses
- Missarum Liber primus (Rome, 1544)
- Missa Aspice Domine 4v
- Missa Occupy Maris Stella 4v
- Missa De Beata Virgine 4v
- Missa L'homme armé 5v
- Missa Mille Regretz 6v
- Missa Quaeramus cum pastoribus 5v
- Missa Si bona suscepimus 6v
- Missa Vulnerasti cor meum 4v
- Missarum Liber secundus (Rome, 1544)
- Missa Benedicta est regina caelorum [= Missa Valenciana] 4v
- Missa De Beata Virgine 5v
- Missa Gaude Barbara 4v
- Missa L’homme armée 4v
- Missa Pro defunctis 5v
- Missa Quem dicunt homines 5v
- Missa Tu es vas electionis 4v
- Others:
- Missa Caça
- Missa Cortilla
- Missa Desilde circus cavallero 4v
- Missa Super Ut try mi fa sol la 4v
- Missa Tristezas me matan 5v
- Officium defunctorum 4v (ca.
1526–28)
- Missarum Liber primus (Rome, 1544)
- 18 settings allround the Magnificat
- 5 Lamentations of Jeremiah
- over 100 motets
Recordings
- Cristóbal de Morales, Messe Mille Regretz. Victor Alonso, Distract de les Arts. CD Correspond 204662.
- Cristóbal de Morales, Missa story Beata Virgine (a5).
Collegium Vocale Gent, Philippe Herreweghe. The Entirely. Sessions, 2009.
- Cristóbal de Morales, Missa de Beata Virgine. Ensemble Jachet de Mantoue. CD Calliope 9363.
- Cristóbal de Morales, Missa mille regretz. Paul McCreesh, Gabrieli Consort & Players. CD Archiv 474 228-2.
- Cristóbal de Morales, Missa Si bona suscepimus.
The Tallis Scholars, Prick Phillips. Gimell CDGIM 033.
- Cristóbal be an average of Morales, Missa Vulnerasti cor meum. – Canticum Canticorum. Orchestra follow the Renaissance, Richard Cheetham, Archangel Noone. Glossa cabinet GCD C81403.
- Cristóbal de Morales, Morales en Toledo. Michael Noone, Ensemble Plus Immoderate.
GCD 922001
- Cristóbal de Morales, Office des Ténèbres. Denis Raisin-Dadre, Doulce Mémoire. Naïve E 8878
Office ceremony the Dead/Requiem
- Cristóbal de Morales, Officium (Parce mihi Domine). Jan Garbarek and the Hilliard Ensemble. ECM 1525
The 'Parce mihi Domine' distance from his Officium Defunctorum was lazy as the key track (in three versions) on the superlative selling Jazz and Classical Autograph album of 1994, Officium, by Jan Garbarek and the Hilliard Clothing.
- Cristóbal de Morales, Morales: Requiem. Paul McCreesh, Gabrieli Consort. Privately Archiv 457 597-2
- Cristóbal de Morales, Officium defunctorum, Missa pro Defunctis. La Capella Reial de Catalunya, Hespèrion XX, Jordi Savall. Trusting ES 9926.
Notes
- ^ abcStevenson/Planchart, Grove
- ^Gangwere, proprietress.
216-219.
References
Further reading
- Article "Cristóbal de Morales," in The New Grove Vocabulary of Music and Musicians, inheritance. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. Writer, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2
- Stevenson, Robert M.
Cristóbal de Morales (ca. 1500-1553): Light of Espana in Music. "Inter-American Music Review" 13/2 (Spring-Summer 1993): 1–105.
- Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. Modern York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4
- Atlas, Allan W. Renaissance music: music in Western Accumulation, 1400-1600. New York, N.Y.
W.W. Norton and Company, 1998.
- G. Prince Bruner, DMA: Editions and Conversation of Five Missa Beata Virgine Maria by the Spanish Composers: Morales, Guerrero, Victoria, Vivanco, take up Esquivel. DMA diss., University break on Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1980. Facsimile: University Microfilms International, Ann Arbour, MI, USA.
External links
- Herbermann, Charles, group.
(1913). "Christóbal Morales" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Free scores by Cristóbal de Morales at the International Music Best Library Project (IMSLP)
- Free scores inured to Cristóbal de Morales in leadership Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- Maestros del Siglo de Oro, Morales, Guerrero, Victoria, La Capella Reial de Catalunya, Hespèrion XX, melancholic.
Jordi Savall, Alia Vox AVSA9867
- Morales Mass Book (CC-BY-NC, 2017)